Revival of the Classical Text in the Last Period of the Ottoman Empire and the Recovery Process of Bektashi Lodges: Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı (1869-1949) and His Nefes

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Son Dönemi ve Bektaşi Tekkelerinin Toparlanma Sürecinde Klasik Metnin İhyası: Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı (1869-1949) ve Nefesleri

Abstract

This study is about Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı's nefes. In the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first period of the Turkish Republic, Rıza Tevfik, who was influential with his poems and especially his nefes, relied on Bektashi Literature as a moral support. He established a spiritual way out and a safe space through his childhood and youth years and his philosophy readings, with the issues mentioned in the cönk and menakıbnames held by Bektashi community as a way out for his intellectual depressions and depressions. He also included nefes in his poems during the renewal period. nefes, which he wrote, started to be read and followed with interest in Bektashi community and lodges in a short time. Almost all of the nefes's were composed and sung in Bektashi meydan with their compositions. Language and literature studies have held a privileged place among the activities of the environment where the experience and experience they have gained around the changes and new demands in many fields as philosophical, political, cultural and literary against the West. Nefes has a privileged place in language and literature, as well as in poetry and poetry. Rıza Tevfik, as one of the most influential figures of the innovation period, wrote many poems under the title Nefes among his poems. One of the titles of his poems published under the name Serab-ı Ömrüm is nefes. By providing great support and contribution to Bektashi community, Rıza Tevfik made it possible for Bektashi Literature to develop, spread and be read in different community Rıza Tevfik was noticed in the literary community with the nefes he wrote and brought the evaluation of nefes as a genre into the agenda again.

Keywords: Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı, Nefes, Devriye, Bektashi.